Recognizing Warning Signs of Heat Illness at Work

Workers who spend long hours under the sun are particularly vulnerable to heat-related illnesses. Laborers in the construction, utilities, and postal service industries are at increased risk, especially those working in warmer climates. The same can be said for cooks, firefighters, and oil and gas workers who also operate in hot environments with limited ventilation.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, there has been a total of 436 deaths in the workplace due to environmental heat exposures since 2011. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) offers comprehensive guidelines to assist employers and workers in identifying and responding to heat-related ailments. 

Stay Safe in the Heat, and understand the warning signs of heat illness.

Heat illness covers a range of conditions that occur when the body cannot cool itself effectively. These conditions range from mild to severe, have distinct symptoms, and require different responses. According to OSHA, here are examples of common heat-related conditions in the workplace:

OSHA Guidelines for Preventing Heat Illness

1. Water, Rest, and Shade

OSHA emphasizes water, rest, and shade as the most important preventive measures against extreme heat exposures. Workers should have access to clean drinking water and be encouraged to drink water every 15 minutes, even if they are not thirsty. Regular breaks in a shaded or air-conditioned area are essential for recovery from heat exposure.

2. Gradual Acclimatization

New workers or those returning from an absence should gradually increase their exposure to hot environments over 7-14 days. This allows the body to adapt to the heat and reduces the risk of heat-related illnesses.

3. Training

Employers should provide training on the symptoms of heat illness and the proper response. Workers need to understand the importance of hydration, early signs of heat illness, and how to provide first aid for heat-related conditions. OSHA provides multiple resources that raise awareness of the dangers of environmental heat exposure. 

4. Monitoring

Employers must establish a system to monitor workers for signs of heat illness. This includes having supervisors trained to recognize symptoms and equipped to take appropriate action.

Extra attention must be given to employees who are new to working in hot environments. All symptoms experienced by new employees should be taken seriously during their first few days. Those who exhibit any signs should be allowed to pause from work and undergo evaluation for the potential heat-related conditions mentioned above.

5. Emergency Planning

Worksites should have a clear plan for emergencies, including how to summon medical help and how to cool a worker rapidly. Employees should know who to contact and what steps to take if someone shows signs of heat illness.

First Aid for Heat-Related Illnesses

OSHA’s Medical Services and First Aid standard requires the ready availability of first aid personnel and equipment. The following principles are involved in first aid for workers affected by heat-related conditions:

1. Move to a Cooler Area: Take the affected worker to a shaded or air-conditioned area.
2. Cool Immediately: Use techniques such as:
   • Immersing in cold water or an ice bath.
   • Removing outer clothing and heavy protective gear.
   • Placing ice or cold, wet towels on key areas like the head, neck, trunk, armpits, and groin.
   • Using fans to circulate air.
3. Do Not Leave Alone: Stay with the worker, as the condition can worsen rapidly.
4. Call 911: Especially if there is confusion, slurred speech, or unconsciousness, indicating heat stroke.

Recognizing the warning signs of heat illness in the workplace can prevent serious health issues and create a safer working environment. Employers are advised to comply with the OSHA guidelines referenced in this article to significantly reduce the risk of heat-related workplace incidents.